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Radiotherapy is an important treatment of gynecological tumors. Although novel techniques or measures in recemy years have improved the tumor control rate and reduced radiation toxicity, radiation toxicity remains a major problem due to the location of some key organs adjacent to the tumor. A new material-hydrogel, as an organ spacer, provides a new method to reduce the radiotherapy toxicity. In this article, the application of hydrogel as an organ spacer in brachytherapy for gynecological tumors was reviewed from the aspects of hydrogel characteristics, suitable population, mode of injection, interval distance and dose effect, clinical benefits and cost effectiveness, etc.
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Objective:This study aims to reveal the special immune infiltrating environment and possible immune escape mechanism of giant cell tumor of bone through single-cell sequencing data.Methods:The fresh samples obtained from 4 patients with primary giant cell tumor of bone from January 2018 to December 2021 were collected, and single-cell transcriptome sequencing was performed on the 10X platform to explore the characteristics and immune environment of giant cell tumor of bone by using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding ( t-SNE). The main cell types and signal pathways of immune cell regulation and function in giant cell tumor of bone were observed by cell communication analysis. Results:Cell clustering, the definition of basic cell types, the classification of immune cells, and the mutual regulatory relationship between cell types were analyzed for 35 643 single-cell data from 4 giant cell tumor samples of bone. It was found that giant cell tumor of bone was composed of 9 basic cell types, in which the immune cells were mainly CD8 + T cells (51%) and the non-immune cells were mainly fibroblast like spindle stromal cells (74%). The immune infiltration of giant cell tumor of bone is dominated by cytotoxic CD8 + T cells and lacks exhausted CD8 + T cells. CD4 + T cells are characterized by high expression of immune checkpoint genes CTLA4 and TIGIT. In giant cell tumor of bone, immune cells mainly act on multinucleated osteoclast like giant cells through PARs and CCL signaling pathways, but not stromal cells. Conclusion:This study defined the main cell types of giant cell tumor of bone through single cell sequencing data, and further revealed the composition characteristics of its immune infiltration, and found that the target of its immune cells was mainly multinuclear osteoclast like giant cells, which provided effective information for further understanding the occurrence and development of giant cell tumor of bone.
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Objective@#To investigate the factors affecting the depressive symptoms among patients with colorectal cancer in Chengdu City, so as to provide insights into mental health improvement among colorectal cancer patients.@*Methods@#Patients with colorectal cancer were enrolled from three hospitals in Chengdu City using the convenient sampling method. The basic information, life styles and cancer diagnosis and therapy were collected, and the depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale ( SDS ). In addition, factors affecting the depressive symptoms were identified using the multivariable logistic regression analysis.@*Results@#A total of 384 patients with colorectal cancer were enrolled, including 247 men ( 64.32% ), and the subjects had a mean age of ( 57.47±11.39 ) years and a mean SDS score of 37.73±9.15. The detection rate of depressive symptoms was 15.36%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that colorectal cancer patients with a history of radiotherapy had a high risk of developing depressive symptoms ( OR=0.468, 95%CI: 0.245-0.895 ), while patients with alcohol consumption ( OR=0.407, 95%CI: 0.172-0.963 ) and drinking tea ( OR=0.470, 95%CI: 0.244-0.904 ) had a low risk of developing depressive symptoms.@*Conclusions@#The detection of depressive symptoms is 15.36% among patients with colorectal cancer in Chengdu City, and a history of radiotherapy, alcohol consumption and drinking tea affect the development of depressive symptoms among patients with colorectal cancer.
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Objective:To investigate the transthyretin ( TTR) mutations and clinical characteristics of patients with vitreous amyloidosis. Methods:Ten cases of suspected vitreous amyloidosis were recruited in Beijing Tongren Hospital from January 2011 to December 2018.The patients and their relatives underwent detailed ophthalmologic examination.Genomic DNA was extracted from 4 ml peripheral blood samples of patients and their available family members.The four exons of TTR were amplified by PCR, followed by Sanger sequencing.The pathogenicity of gene variants were predicted by Polyphen2, MutationTaster, SIFT, and PMut.The allele frequency of gene variants was searched in the 1000 Genome, EVS, and ExAC database.Co-segregation analysis was performed in available family members.The vitreous specimen of 5 patients obtained during vitrectomy was stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Congo red.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to entering the study cohort.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Tongren Hospital(No.TRECKY2017-08). Results:Six reported missense mutations of the TTR gene, p. V30A, p.K35N, p.L55R, p.Y69H, p.G83R, and p. Y114C, were identified in 8 patients.The mutations were located in the beta-strand and beta-hairpin domain of TTR.The average onset age of 8 patients was (41.9±8.9) years.All patients showed dense grayish white cord or agglomerate opacity in the vitreous.Hematoxylin and eosin staining of vitreous specimens in 5 patients showed no structural substance.Congo red staining was positive in one patient.Six of 8 patients showed combined hearing system, autonomic nervous system or peripheral nervous system abnormalities. Conclusions:The β-strand C is the protein region where common TTR mutations are located.The p. G83R mutation of TTR gene is a mutation hotspot in Chinese patients with vitreous amyloidosis.Mutation screening of the TTR gene can be used to distinguish vitreous amyloidosis from other causes of vitreous opacity.
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Background@#To examine the prospective association between higher blood pressure (BP) and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults. @*Methods@#A total of 9,642 middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults (≥45 years old; 47.30% men) without diabetes from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were included for analyses. Participants were categorized into three groups: normal BP, prehypertension, and hypertension, according to the 2010 Chinese Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension. The incidence of T2DM was determined by self-reported physician diagnosis during two follow-up surveys conducted in 2013 to 2014 and 2015 to 2016. @*Results@#During the 4-year follow-up, 429 participants (4.45%) developed T2DM, including 3.51% of the men and 5.29% of the women. The incidence rates of T2DM were 2.57%, 3.75%, and 6.71% in the normal BP, prehypertension, and hypertension groups, respectively. After adjustment for age, sex, education level, residence, smoking status, alcohol consumption, body mass index, waist circumference, and dyslipidemia, both prehypertension (odds ratio [OR], 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98 to 1.77) and hypertension (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.54 to 2.64) were associated with increased risk of T2DM, compared to those with a normal BP. The ORs associated with T2DM were 1.08 (95% CI, 1.03 to 1.13) for an increase of 10 mm Hg in systolic BP and 1.06 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.10) for an increase of 5 mm Hg in diastolic BP. @*Conclusion@#Higher BP is a risk factor for T2DM in middle-aged and elderly Chines. It may be a potential target for diabetes prevention.
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Objective@#To optimize the extraction technology for Gegen-Shujin granules.@*Methods@#With yield of volatile oil as index, single factor tests were used to investigate effects of water, soaking time and distillation time on extraction technology of volatile oil. The water amount, extraction time and numbers of extraction as factors, the contents of puerarin and total solid as indexes, orthogonal test was employed to optimize the extraction technology of Gegen-Shujin granules.@*Results@#The optimical extraction technology conditions were as follows: Cinnamomi Ramulus, cinnamomi ramulus, notopterygium, turmeric were extracted to get volatile oil with eight-folds amount water of herbs for 6 hours; while the other herbs were boiled with ten-folds amount water of herbs and extrancted for two times, 1.5 hours each time.@*Conclusions@#This extraction process is reasonable and practical, and can guarantee the quality of preparation.
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Objective To optimize the extraction technology for Gegen-Shujin granules. Methods With yield of volatile oil as index, single factor tests were used to investigate effects of water, soaking time and distillation time on extraction technology of volatile oil. The water amount, extraction time and numbers of extraction as factors, the contents of puerarin and total solid as indexes, orthogonal test was employed to optimize the extraction technology of Gegen-Shujin granules. Results The optimical extraction technology conditions were as follows: Cinnamomi Ramulus, cinnamomi ramulus, notopterygium, turmeric were extracted to get volatile oil with eight-folds amount water of herbs for 6 hours; while the other herbs were boiled with ten-folds amount water of herbs and extrancted for two times, 1.5 hours each time. Conclusions This extraction process is reasonable and practical, and can guarantee the quality of preparation.
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Objective To study the sensitivity and specificity of combined AD8 and MMSE in detecting cognitive impairment in servicemen undergoing physical examination.Methods Cognitive impairment in 1723 servicemen undergoing physical examination in our hospital was assesed according to their AD8 and MMSE scores.Results The AD8 score was ≥2 in 326 (18.9％) out of the 1723 servicemen who underwent AD8 examination and in 84 (52.2％) out of the 161 servicemen who complained of cognitive impairment detected by MMSE.The MMSE was abnormal in 78 (48.4％) out of the 161 servicemen who complained of cognitive impairment.Of the 66 servicemen (41.0％) who were diagnosed with dementia,46 (69.7％) were diagnosed according to their AD8 score and 55 (83.3％) were diagnosed according to their MMSE score.ROC curve analysis showed that the specificity (91.6％) of combined AD8 and MMSE was significantly higher than that (60.0％) of simple AD8.Covariance analysis revealed that the score of trail making test-A was significantly higher while that of MMSE,delay recall,executive function,working memory and word fluency was significantly lower in servicemen with abnormal AD8 and MMSE than in those with normal AD8 and MMSE (P＜0.01).Conclusion Combined AD8 and MMSE can improve its specificity and reliability in detecting dementia in servicemen undergoing physical examination and can thus be popularized in grass-root medical and healthcare institutions.
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Objective To optimize the extraction technology for Yangxin Anshen Granules. Methods With yield of volatile oil as index, single factor tests were adopted to investigate effects of water, soaking time and distillation time on extraction technology of volatile oil. Using water amount, extraction time and extraction times as factors, the contents of paeoniflorin and total solid as indexes, orthogonal test was employed to optimize the extraction technology of Yangxin Anshen Granules. Results The optimical extraction technology conditions were as follows:Cinnamomi Ramulus, Saposhkoviae Radix, and Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus were extracted to get volatile oil with eight-folds amount water of herbs for 6 hours; other herbs were boiled with eight-folds amount water of herbs and extrancted for two times, 1 h each time. Conclusion This extraction process is reasonable and practical, and can well guarantee the quality of preparation.
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Objective To analyze the clinical features and NDP gene variants in patients with Norrie disease and familial exudative vitreoretinopathy,(FEVR).Methods Sixteen patients who were diagnosed as FEVR and 3 patients who were diagnosed as Norrie disease underwent detailed ocular examinations in Beijing Tongren Hospital from 2012 to 2018.Peripheral venous blood was drawn from patients and their family members for extration of genomic DNA.All exons of NDP gene were analyzed by direct sequencing of PCR-amplified DNA fragments.This study was approved by Joint Committee on Clinical Investigation of Beijing Tongren Hospital,and patients information and venous blood collection were done after the informed consents were obtained.Results Four unreported NDP gene mutations were detected in one FEVR patient and 3 Norrie disease patients:c.217T＞C (p.S73P),c.2T＞C (p.M1),c.194G＞T (p.C65F) and c.384C＞G (p.C128W).One patient who was clinically diagnosed as FEVR had no symptom but the avascular zone on the bilateral peripheral retina.The three Norrie disease patients who were clinically diagnosed as Norrie disease all appearred to have bilateral congenital blindness,mass in the vitreous and retinal detachment,and one in the three Norrie disease patient had evident mental retardation.Conclusions The results of this paper extend NDP gene mutation spectrum,and NDP gene is further confirmed to be the casuse of Norrie disease.
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Objective·To investigate the effect of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on exosome secretion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) via blocking autophagy flux.Methods·Rat derived MSCs were treated with AuNPs (0,15,30,90,150 μg/mL),and the cell proliferation was detected with CCK-8 assay to evaluate the cytotoxicity of AuNPs.Then,MSCs were divided into normal control group,AuNPs group (20 μg/mL AuNPs for 72 h) and positive control group (5 μmol/L chloroquine for 4 h).Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructure of MSCs,and exosomes were extracted by ultracentrifugation and tested with nanoparticle analyzer and scan electron microscopy.The autophagy was observed by confocal microscopy and verified by Western blotting.Results·Low concentrations of AuNPs (0 to 30 μg/mL) slightly affected the cell proliferation.MSCs of AuNPs group secreted more abundant and smaller exosomes than those of control group,and expressed significantly more LC3 and p62 (both P＜0.05).Autophagosomes in AuNPs group were increased and fusion of lysosomes and autophagosomes was blocked.Conclusion·AuNPs block the autophagy flux and regulates the secretion of exosomes.
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A rapid quantitative component analysis method for biochar based on near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology was established in this study. Near infrared spectra of 163 samples in 10000-3800 cm-1 (1000-2632 nm) range were collected, and the contents of fixed carbon (FC), volatile matter (VM) and ash of samples were analyzed. A partial least square(PLS) model for FC,VM and Ash was established in the optimized model spectral ranges. The factors were optimized and the raw spectra were pretreated by multiple scatter correction and second derivative(MSC+SD) method. Finally,the prediction performance of predictive model was evaluated. The results showed that the PLS model had a good prediction ability,and the predicted coefficient R2pof actual values vs prediction values for FC, VM and Ash were 0.9423,0.9517 and 0.9265, respectively. Root mean square errors of prediction(RMSEP) were 0.1074,0.1201 and 0.1243,and ratios of prediction to deviation(RPD) were 3.51,4.28 and 2.03,respectively. The PLS model has good accuracy and precision for both of FC and VM, and can be used as a quantitative method for FC and VM contents analysis. Nevertheless,PLS model needs to improve the precision for Ash analysis according to RPD value. The method provides a fast and effective technical means for the quantitative analysis of biochar components.
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BACKGROUND@#The rs1520220 polymorphism in the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) gene has been reported to affect cancer susceptibly in several studies. However, the results of the relevant studies are inconsistent. We conduct a current meta-analysis to investigate the association between rs1520220 and cancer susceptibly.@*METHODS@#Three databases (PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science) were searched for studies regarding the relationship between rs1520220 and cancer susceptibly. Odds ratios (ORs) and the related 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were employed to assess the strength of the associations. A stratified analysis was performed according to cancer type, ethnicity, and quality score, and when results were obtained from no fewer than two studies, these results were pooled.@*RESULTS@#There was no positive association between rs1520220 and overall cancer risk. However, the analysis stratified by ethnicity revealed that rs1520220 significantly increased cancer susceptibility in Asian populations (allele model OR = 1.10, 95%Cl = 1.00-1.21, p = 0.040; homozygote model OR = 1.22, 95%Cl = 1.01-1.47, p = 0.040; dominant model OR = 1.19, 95%Cl = 1.01-1.39, p = 0.033). No significantly association was detected in Caucasian populations. The analysis stratified by cancer type suggested that rs1520220 was not associated with susceptibility to breast cancer.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The results of our meta-analysis demonstrate that the role of IGF1 rs1520220 in cancer susceptibility varies by ethnicity and cancer type and that rs1520220 increases cancer susceptibility in Asian populations.
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Humans , Asian People , Racial Groups , Gene Frequency , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I , Genetics , Neoplasms , Ethnology , Genetics , Odds Ratio , Polymorphism, Single NucleotideABSTRACT
The survival time of multiple myeloma (MM) patients has been significantly prolonged due to improvements in therapy with the addition of novel agents, however, it's inevitable for some MM patients to have drug resistance. A certain number of MM patients can benefit from a new therapy, namely monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). This paper reviews the advances of mAbs in MM therapy.
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Objective To investigate the morphological changes of whole brain gray matter in patients with postherpetic neuralgia(PHN),and evaluate the correlation between morphological changes of whole brain gray matter,visual analogue scale (VAS) and duration of PHN.Methods By using VBM-DARTEL method,firstly the 3D T1WI structure images of 17 patients with PHN and 17 normal control were preprocessed,then the segmented gray matter volume was compared between the two groups, and the correlation between difference of cerebral gray matter volume,VAS and duration of PHN were analyzed.Results Compared with the normal control, gray matter decrease in PHN group was found in bilateral orbital frontal regions(orbital gyrus,rectus gyri),left inferior frontal gyrus,left insular lobe, left caudate, right cingulate gyrus,left superior temporal gyrus, left cuneus, bilateral cerebellum posterior lobe and bilateral cerebellum anterior lobe.And gray matter increase in PHN group was found in bilateral superior frontal gyri, left middle frontal gyrus, vermis, pons.The gyrus volume change for two hemispheres was asymmetric (the left side greater than the right side).These different brain region changes in gray matter volume for patients with PHN were not correlated with VAS and duration of PHN.
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A near infrared spectroscopy ( NIRS) method was used for rapid quality evaluation of ferulic acid content in chrysanthemum morifolium cv. ( Chuju) continuous cropping soil. Standard leverage, studentized residual and Mahalanobis distance were calculated to eliminate abnormal samples. After the initial near infrared spectrum was treated by two second derivative and Norris smoothing filter noise, 6000-4000 cm-1 wave number range and 7 factors were chosen for partial least squares ( PLS) calibration model. The results showed that good correlation was presented between the calibration set/validation set and the values determined by high performance liquid chromatography, and the calibration correlation coefficient ( Rc ) and validation correlation coefficient ( Rcv ) were 0. 9914 and 0. 9935, respectively. Root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC), root mean square error of validation (RMSEP) and root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) were 0. 484, 0. 539 and 0. 615, respectively. This method was accurate, reliable, simple, rapid and nondestructive, and could be applied to the fast analysis for ferulic acid in continuous cropping soil.
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A novel method combining ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) fingerprint and simultaneous quantitative analysis of eight phenolic components was developed and validated for quality evaluation of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum leaves. For fingerprint analysis, 15 peaks were selected as the common peaks to evaluate the similarities among 41 batches of T. hemsleyanum leaves collected from different regions. Additionally, simultaneous quantification of eight markers, including neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, isoorientin, orientin, vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside,vitexin and isovitexin, was performed and the obtained data demonstrated that our method has achieved desired linearity, precision and accuracy. Clustering statistical analysis was further application in T. hemsleyanum leaves from different regions. The results indicated that new approach conbine ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) fingerprint and simultaneous quantitative analysis of eight phenolic components was applicable in quality control of T. hemsleyanum leaves.
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Objective To explore the effect of pulse irrigation combined with autologous blood transfusion on inflammatory markers and thrombosis index, such as C-reactive protein (CPR), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. Methods 96 patients due to knee osteoarthritis underwent unilateral total knee arthroplasty were randomly divided into experimental group (pulse irrigation combined with autologous blood transfusion after surgery ) and control group (alone autologous blood transfusion after surgery), PT, APTT, TNF-α, IL-6, D-Dimer of two groups at different time points were detected and compared. All patients underwent lower extremity vascular ultrasound examination after operation. Results PT, APTT values were no significant different between two groups (P > 0.05), TNF-α, IL-6 values of day1 and day7 after surgery in the experimental group were lower than the control group(P < 0.05), D-Dimer values of day4 after surgery were lower than the control group (P <0.05), the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the experimental group was lower than the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Pulse irrigation combined with postoperative autologous blood transfusion in total knee arthroplasty had no influence in blood coagulation , and can reduce inflammation and the incidence of DVT than alone autologous blood transfusion,thus is beneficial to the patient recover.
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Objective To compare volumetric‐modulated arc therapy(VMAT) with intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for brain metastases with regard to the dosimetric character .Methods Sixty patients who were diagnosed with brain me‐tastases were included in this study .The target area received two dose levels using late addition amount technique ,WBRT (30 Gy/10 F) with following addition (20 Gy/10 F) to 59 Gy .For a fair comparison ,VMAT and IMRT treatment plans were respectively designed for every patient with the same dosimetric constraints .Dosimetric comparisons between VMAT and IMRT plans were ana‐lyzed to evaluate :target coverage and homogeneity ,conformity of PTV ;sparing of OARs ;monitor units (MUs) .Results Two treatment plans all reached the treatment need .When compared with IMRT ,there was no significant difference in Dmean of eyeball , len ,optic never ,visual chiasma ,parotid ,brain stem ,and external auditory canal of VMAT (P>0 .05) .The Dmax of eyeball ,len ,pa‐rotid ,and external auditory canal of VMAT were lower than that in IMRT group (P<0 .05) .The VMAT group has the less MUs (P=0 .017) and less treatment time .Conclusion VMAT can reach the big‐dose radiotherapy need on brain metastases clinically . There are no significant diffference between VMAT and IMRT on Dmax ,Dmean ,CI ,and HI .The Dmax of eyeball ,len ,parotid ,and external auditory canal of VMAT were lower than that in IMRT group .The VMAT can reduce the radiotherapy time .
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Dirofilaria immitis (heartworm) infections affect domestic dogs, cats, and various wild mammals with increasing incidence in temperate and tropical areas. More sensitive antibody detection methodologies are required to diagnose asymptomatic dirofilariasis with low worm burdens. Applying current transcriptomic technologies would be useful to discover potential diagnostic markers for D. immitis infection. A filarial homologue of the mammalian translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) was initially identified by screening the assembled transcriptome of D. immitis (DiTCTP). A BLAST analysis suggested that the DiTCTP gene shared the highest similarity with TCTP from Loa loa at protein level (97%). A histidine-tagged recombinant DiTCTP protein (rDiTCTP) of 40 kDa expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) showed immunoreactivity with serum from a dog experimentally infected with heartworms. Localization studies illustrated the ubiquitous presence of rDiTCTP protein in the lateral hypodermal chords, dorsal hypodermal chord, muscle, intestine, and uterus in female adult worms. Further studies on D. immitis-derived TCTP are warranted to assess whether this filarial protein could be used for a diagnostic purpose.